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Texts and scripture

The Bhagavad Gītā

At dawn on a wide plain, two armies wait far off on either side beneath banners, while between them a small chariot drawn by four white horses stands with Kṛṣṇa as charioteer and Arjuna seated behind him; a heron wades in a lily pond in the foreground.

The Bhagavad Gītā (“Song of the Lord”) sits inside the sixth book of the Mahābhārata, one of the two great Sanskrit epics: a dialogue in which Kṛṣṇa answers the warrior Arjuna’s crisis of conscience on the eve of battle. Because the epic is a work of human authorship, the Gītā is formally smṛti, not śruti. Yet the Vedānta tradition gave it a place beside the Upaniṣads and the Brahma Sūtras in its triple canon, and every major school’s founder commented on it.

You will meet it in this Atlas as a constant supporting witness. Rāmānuja in particular cites it steadily; it appears in his commentary here dozens of times, abbreviated “Bha. Gî.” in the edition’s Victorian spelling. Śaṅkara more often invokes it under the general name Smṛti. When a commentator writes “the Smṛti says,” a Gītā verse is frequently what follows.